Charged-particle ray trace Decorative artwork in the style of a CPO simulation plot: charged-particle trajectories, drawn as fine lines, converge through a crossover at a focal point marked by a glowing dot — the kind of ray trace the CPO programs produce.

Accuracy - video

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4 - Accuracy

This video deals with the accuracy of non-space-charge calculations and how to control the accuracy. Illustrated by calculation of the focal length of a two-tube lens.

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