Charged-particle ray trace Decorative artwork in the style of a CPO simulation plot: charged-particle trajectories, drawn as fine lines, converge through a crossover at a focal point marked by a glowing dot — the kind of ray trace the CPO programs produce.

Space charge - video

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5 - Space charge

This video illustrates how CPO deals with space charge, space-charge repulsion in a converging beam, and a heavy ion source.

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